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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for performing gas scrubbing using a basic aqueous electrolyte solution as washing liquid, which contains at least one compound from the group lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate or lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide and which in at least one gas scrubber (2) brought into contact with a gas to be cleaned (1) and discharged from the gas scrubber (2) after the gas scrubbing, at least a partial stream (TS1) of the loaded electrolyte solution being continuously regenerated according to the following regeneration steps: a) introducing the electrolyte solution into at least one electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6' ', 6' '', 6 '' '') designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment (10), a cathode compartment (9) and at least one between the anode compartment (10) and the Ion-selective membrane (8, 16) located in the cathode compartment (9), b) formation of a basic aqueous electrolyte solution at least in the cathode compartment (9) with electrolytic water splitting and returning the electrolyte solution formed to the gas scrubber (2), c) formation of phosphoric acid or nitric acid in the anode compartment (10), with phosphoric acid or nitric acid being passed through the anode compartment (10) in a separate circuit, or formation of phosphate ( en) or nitrate (s) in the anode compartment (10) which has or have as the cation or one of the cations of the washing liquid, the phosphate (s) or the nitrate (s) with that from the cathode compartment (9) the derived electrolyte solution is combined and returned together to the gas scrubber (2), the ion-selective membrane being passed through at least phosphate anions, nitrate anions or cations of the washing liquid during steps b) and c), and before Step a) and / or during step b) and step c) and / or after step c) carbon dioxide is separated from the electrolyte solution.
    公开号:AT521381A4
    申请号:T50630/2018
    申请日:2018-07-19
    公开日:2020-01-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    The invention relates to a method for carrying out gas scrubbing using a basic aqueous electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid, which contains at least one compound from the group lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate or lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide and which in at least one gas scrubber (2) brought into contact with a gas to be cleaned (1) and discharged from the gas scrubber (2) after the gas scrubbing, at least a partial stream (TSi) of the loaded electrolyte solution being continuously regenerated according to the following regeneration steps:
    a) introducing the electrolyte solution into at least one electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6" ", 6" ") designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment (10), a cathode compartment (9) and at least one between the anode compartment (10) and the ion-selective membrane (8, 16) located in the cathode compartment (9),
    b) formation of a basic aqueous electrolyte solution at least in the cathode compartment (9) with electrolytic water splitting and returning the electrolyte solution formed to the gas scrubber (2),
    c) formation of phosphoric acid or nitric acid in the anode compartment (10), with phosphoric acid or nitric acid being passed through the anode compartment (10) in a separate circuit, or
    Formation of phosphate (s) or nitrate (s) in the anode compartment (10), which has or have the cation or one of the cations of the washing liquid, the phosphate (s) or the nitrate (s) also being present the electrolyte solution derived from the cathode compartment (9) is combined and returned to the gas scrubber (2), the ion-selective membrane passing through at least phosphate anions, nitrate anions or cations of the washing liquid during steps b) and c) is and wherein before step a) and / or during step b) and step c) and / or after step c) carbon dioxide is separated from the electrolyte solution.
    1/41 per aqua diamond electrode production GmbH & Co KG PA 8750 AT
    description
    Method and device for carrying out gas scrubbing using an electrolyte solution
    The invention relates to a method and a device for carrying out gas scrubbing using a basic aqueous electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid.
    It is known and customary to use gas scrubbers for cleaning gases or gas mixtures, in particular for cleaning exhaust gases. In gas scrubbers, the gas or gas mixture is brought into contact with a solution in order to absorb such solid, liquid or gaseous constituents of the gas or gas mixture into the scrubbing liquid. For example, particulates suspended in smoke or liquid particles suspended in gases are separated from one another by means of a gas scrubber. For example, it is also known to use gas scrubbers to absorb sulfur dioxide contained in the flue gas.
    A method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset are known, for example, from AT 519 109 B1. After the gas scrubbing, the electrolyte solution is regenerated by the following steps:
    • hydrolyzing the organic compounds contained in the electrolyte solution, • electrochemically converting the electrolyte solution into one
    Conversion device, wherein organic compounds are broken down at least with the formation of carbon dioxide, water vapor and hydrogen and the resulting gases are derived, • recovery of a regenerated electrolyte solution in a device for deionization and desorption of ions, with cations from a three-dimensional electrode serving as cathode Electrolyte solution are adsorbed and by reversing the polarity of the three-dimensional electrodes with an auxiliary electrode
    2/41
    Desorbed cations from the electrodes and regenerated with hydroxide ions
    Electrolyte solution are implemented, • Return of the regenerated electrolyte solution to the gas scrubber.
    The device known from AT 518 109 B1 therefore comprises a gas scrubber, a conversion device and a device for deionization and desorption.
    The method and the device, which are known from AT 519 109 B1, can only be implemented with a relatively high level of technical and apparatus complexity.
    The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset which, with much less technical outlay than the known method or the known device, continuously regenerate the electrolyte solution used as a washing solution to reliable Way.
    The object is achieved by a method for performing gas scrubbing using a basic aqueous electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid, which contains at least one compound from the group lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate or lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide and which in at least a gas scrubber is brought into contact with a gas to be cleaned and is derived from the gas scrubber after the gas scrubbing, with at least a partial stream of the loaded electrolyte solution being continuously regenerated according to the following regeneration steps:
    a) introducing the electrolyte solution into at least one electrodialysis cell designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment, a cathode compartment and at least one ion-selective membrane located between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment,
    b) formation of a basic aqueous electrolyte solution at least in the cathode compartment with electrolytic water splitting and returning the electrolyte solution formed to the gas scrubber,
    3/41
    c) formation of phosphoric acid or nitric acid in the anode compartment, wherein
    Phosphoric acid or nitric acid in a separate cycle through the
    Anode compartment is directed, or
    Formation of phosphate (s) or nitrate (s) in the anode compartment, which has or have the cation or one of the cations of the washing liquid as the cation, the phosphate (s) or the nitrate (s) with the Electrolyte solution derived from the cathode compartment is combined and returned to the gas scrubber, the ion-selective membrane being passed through at least phosphate anions, nitrate anions or cations of the washing liquid during steps b) and c), and before step a) and / or during step b) and step c) and / or after step c) carbon dioxide is separated from the electrolyte solution.
    The object is further achieved by a device for performing gas scrubbing by means of an electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid with a gas scrubber, at least one electrodialysis cell designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment, a cathode compartment and at least one ion-selective membrane located between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, which contains at least cations the washing solution or at least phosphate anions or nitrate anions can be passed, the electrolyte solution originating from the gas scrubber being able to be passed through the electrodialysis cell and being able to be passed from there to the gas scrubber.
    In the method according to the invention, the essential method steps compared to the method known from AT 519 109 B1 are technically easier to carry out, so that the associated device also has a significantly simpler structure. This is achieved in particular by using an electrodialysis cell designed as a flow cell with an ion-selective membrane. In contrast to the device from AT 519 109 B1, which comprises two “electrochemical units” connected in series, namely a conversion unit and a deionization and desorption unit, the device according to the invention can be used with just one
    4/41 "electrochemical unit", namely the electrodialysis cell. The electrolyte solution serving as washing liquid is recovered in the cathode compartment of the electrodialysis cell. Anions are either “pulled out” of the electrolyte solution, whereby the anions pass through an anion-selective membrane, or cations are “pushed” into the electrolyte solution, the cations coming from the solution “correspondingly” adjacent to the electrolyte solution serving as washing liquid and a cation-selective one Membrane. In this way, with continuous operation, i.e. in flow, acids and bases or corresponding salts can be recovered, so that the washing solution is also recovered or regenerated. In contrast to AT 519 109 Bl, the “hydrolysis step” can also be dispensed with. Hydrolysis is particularly advantageous when "stubborn" contamination in the electrolyte solution has to be broken down. If the device according to the invention is operated, for example, as an air conditioning system, a hydrolysis step is not necessary.
    According to a preferred process variant, the electrolytic solution is introduced into a degasser before step a) and mixed therein with phosphoric acid or nitric acid, which is in particular a partial stream of the phosphoric acid or nitric acid formed in step c) and passed through the anode compartment in a separate circuit, where resulting carbon dioxide is derived from the degasser. Such a degasser is advantageous when washing gas heavily loaded with carbon dioxide. Larger amounts of carbon dioxide, which are released during the regeneration of the electrolyte solution in the electrodialysis cell, could in fact interfere with the electrodialytic regeneration. This is prevented in a particularly reliable manner by the degasser.
    According to a further preferred process variant, the basic aqueous electrolyte solution used for gas scrubbing has a pH of at least 12.0, preferably of> 13.0. Such a pH value suppresses the growth of germs, keeps the device sterile and ensures a particularly pure washed gas.
    5/41
    It is not necessary to regenerate the entire electrolyte solution emerging from the gas scrubber in accordance with steps a) to c). A further preferred method variant is characterized in that the partial stream of the electrolyte solution which is regenerated according to steps a) to c) comprises 1% to 30%, preferably at least 10%, of the loaded electrolyte solution. In most cases, it is therefore sufficient for a perfect gas scrubbing to regenerate such a partial stream of the scrubbing solution. The exact size of the partial flow is adapted in particular to the "regeneration capacity" of the electrodialysis cell and the CCE separation capacity of the gas scrubber.
    According to a further preferred process variant, the electrolyte solution is charged electrostatically when it is introduced into the gas scrubber, in particular by means of line ionization or corona ionization, and is deposited on separating electrodes arranged in the gas scrubber, and is subsequently discharged for subsequent regeneration. As a result, the electrolyte solution is essentially completely separated from the cleaned gas, which is particularly advantageous for an optionally provided UV radiation of the gas.
    It is therefore further preferred if the gas is exposed to UV radiation, in particular UV radiation with a wavelength <200 nm, preferably with a wavelength of 185 nm, immediately before or immediately after the gas scrubbing. The UV radiation completely or partially oxidizes organic compounds which are poorly sorbable in the electrolyte solution by photolysis.
    According to a further preferred process variant, inorganic substances which are not dissolved in the electrolyte solution and have been taken up by the electrolyte solution during gas scrubbing are separated from the electrolyte solution by means of a mechanical separating device before steps a) to c). Such inorganic substances include, for example, sand or hair.
    According to a further preferred process variant, the gas to be cleaned, which is brought into contact with the electrolyte solution in the gas scrubber, is ambient air. A
    6/41 corresponding combination of the preferred variants mentioned below enables air conditioning of the room air, so that in addition to the air treatment, the air temperature and the air humidity are set via the gas washing already mentioned.
    Adjustment of the temperature is made possible if the gas is cooled or heated by means of the electrolytic solution during the gas scrubbing. This takes place in particular before the gas scrubbing via heating / cooling devices and alternatively or additionally by means of a cooling machine or by means of adiabatic cooling, in particular by evaporation of water from the electrolyte solution.
    The air humidity is regulated via the ion concentration of the regenerated electrolyte solution. This is preferably set by supplying or removing water from the electrolyte solution before the gas scrubbing to change its ion concentration.
    A preferred variant of the device is characterized in that the electrodialysis cell has at least two ion-selective membranes and at least one bipolar membrane positioned between them, so that between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment there are two electrolysis chambers, each separated by the bipolar membrane, each with an inlet and an outlet , Such an electrodialysis cell is characterized by its compact design and enables a high throughput of the electrolyte solution to be regenerated.
    It is further preferred if the device has a heating / cooling device, via which the electrolyte solution derived from the gas scrubber can be conducted in countercurrent to the regenerated electrolyte solution. Such heating / cooling devices are generally small in size and can therefore be positioned in the vicinity of the gas scrubber in a simple manner and thereby contribute to feeding the electrolyte solution into the gas scrubber at the desired temperature.
    7/41
    If the device is intended for washing gases with a high carbon dioxide content, it is advantageous if they are connected upstream of the electrodialysis cell
    Has degasser for expelling carbon dioxide from the washing liquid.
    If the device is intended for washing particles-containing gases, it is also advantageous if it has a mechanical separating device upstream of the gas scrubber and, if appropriate, the degasser for separating inorganic impurities which are insoluble in the electrolyte solution.
    According to a further preferred device variant, the gas scrubber is designed as a tray column, as a packed column, as a packing column or as a plate washer. Such gas scrubbers are characterized by particularly high contact areas for the gas to be scrubbed and the scrubbing liquid, as a result of which gas scrubbing can be carried out particularly efficiently.
    The device preferably has a heating / cooling device, via which the electrolyte solution derived from the gas scrubber can be guided in countercurrent to the regenerated electrolyte solution.
    It is further preferred if the device has a heating / cooling device for heating or cooling the regenerated electrolyte solution.
    It is also preferred if the device has a unit for concentrating the electrolyte solution.
    In particular, the device also has a continuous conductivity measuring device and / or a continuous density measuring device, in particular a bending oscillator, for determining the ion concentration of the electrolyte solution.
    If the device features are present, which enable air to be tempered and the humidity in the air to be set, a device according to the invention can be operated as an air conditioning system. In contrast to conventional air conditioners with
    8/41
    Heat exchangers, on the solid surfaces of which the water vapor contained in the room air condenses, so that these surfaces are kept constantly moist, the water vapor adsorbed from the room air in the electrolyte solution is quickly removed when dehumidified by means of the gas scrubber. The high pH of the electrolyte solution particularly effectively suppresses the growth of germs; at a pH of at least 12, the washing solution is essentially sterile, so that the device is kept essentially germ-free. This means that the maintenance effort is significantly lower than with conventional air conditioning systems.
    Further features, advantages and details of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing and examples. Show
    1 shows a simplified schematic flow diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the invention,
    2 shows a schematic illustration of an electrodialysis cell according to a first variant,
    3 shows a schematic illustration of an electrodialysis cell according to a second variant,
    4 shows a schematic illustration of an electrodialysis cell according to a third variant,
    5 shows a schematic illustration of an electrodialysis cell according to a fourth variant,
    Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of an electrodialysis cell according to a fifth variant and
    Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of an electrodialysis cell according to a sixth variant.
    9/41
    The invention relates to a method and a device for carrying out a gas scrubbing by means of an electrolyte solution and is explained below with the aid of examples 1 to 3 and with the aid of design variants which differ from these examples. In the context of example 1, a variant of the method is explained step by step, the associated variant of the device or its components being described in a manner coordinated with the sequence of the steps of the method.
    Example 1 - Device for tempering, dehumidifying and humidifying and cleaning indoor air
    Indoor air is continuously subject to a certain amount of contamination and / or pollutants. These include, for example, carbon dioxide exhaled by humans (approx. 800 g per person per day) or any volatile organic compounds - so-called "VOCs" (volatile organic compounds) - derived from furniture or floors - such as solvent vapors. In particular, the carbon dioxide that accumulates in the indoor air significantly affects the quality of the indoor air. If the carbon dioxide concentrations rise above 1500 ppm over a longer period of time, this has the known physiological effects, such as respiratory depression, headache or dizziness. Furthermore, every person loses approx. 1 kg of water in the form of sweat, which is introduced into the air as "polluted" water vapor. Dust, consisting of different particles, for example soot particles, plastic particles, dead skin cells, bacteria, mold spores, fine hair or lint from clothing, also collects in the air. In industrial production buildings in particular, the indoor air is subject to a particularly high level of contamination, so that it is expedient in such buildings to continuously renew or clean the indoor air.
    The mode of operation of a device designed according to the invention is explained step by step below on the basis of the schematic flow diagram shown in FIG. 1. Arrows on the flow lines of the flow diagram indicate the flow directions and
    10/41 some chemical formulas to better understand how the
    Device attached.
    According to the European guideline for building energy efficiency EPBD, a device according to the invention according to example 1 can be understood or referred to as an air conditioning system. According to this guideline, an air conditioning system is "a combination of all components that are required to provide a form of air treatment that regulates the temperature, possibly in combination with ventilation, air humidity and air purity".
    Step 1 - gas washing
    As indicated in FIG. 1, the room air 1 to be treated is introduced into a gas scrubber 2, in particular sucked in by the latter. The gas scrubber 2 is continuously supplied with an aqueous basic electrolyte solution serving as a washing liquid, which, as also indicated in FIG. 1, is sprayed into the gas scrubber 2 and thus forms finely divided droplets in it. Deviating from the variant shown in FIG. 1, it is particularly preferred if the room air 1 is conducted in countercurrent to the electrolyte solution.
    The electrolytic solution is, in particular, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, hereinafter referred to as potassium hydroxide / potassium carbonate solution, which has a pH of at least 12, preferably> 13. The high pH of the electrolyte solution is advantageous because it suppresses the growth of germs in the device. The potassium hydroxide / potassium carbonate solution passed into the gas scrubber 2 was preferably prepared by dissolving potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, the total amount of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate being chosen such that the solution is either saturated or the concentration of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate is close to the solubility limit lies. In particular, the proportion of potassium hydroxide in the solution is 1.0% to 10.0% (mass percent).
    11/41
    During gas scrubbing, existing impurities in the room air 1 are adsorbed on the surface of the sprayed electrolyte solution (chemisorption), so that the room air 1 is cleaned. For example, dust particles, gaseous organic compounds, in particular VOCs or acidic gases, such as hydrogen sulfide or nitrogen oxides, contained in the ambient air 1 are adsorbed by the electrolyte solution. In particular, carbon dioxide contained in the ambient air 1 is chemically bound to potassium hydroxide of the electrolyte solution. The amount of carbon dioxide separated from the room air 1 is particularly dependent on the pH of the electrolyte solution and the residence time of the room air 1 in the gas scrubber 2. The residence time corresponds in a known manner to the quotient of the reactor volume and the volume flow emerging from the reactor, so that the residence time in Example 1 results from the volume of the gas scrubber 2 and the volume flow of the cleaned room air 1 emerging from the gas scrubber 2. There is a largely logarithmic relationship between the dwell time of the ambient air 1 in the gas scrubber 2 and the carbon dioxide concentration in the ambient air emerging from the gas scrubber 2, the longer the dwell time, the lower the carbon dioxide concentration.
    The carbon dioxide contained in the ambient air 1 reacts with the potassium hydroxide of the potassium carbonate / potassium hydroxide solution first to form potassium carbonate (equation I), which in turn reacts with water to form potassium hydrogen carbonate (equation II):
    KOH + CO 2 K2CO3 + H 2 O Equation I
    K2CO3 + H 2 O KHCO3 + KOH Equation II
    In the electrolyte solution there is a pH-dependent equilibrium between hydroxide, carbonate and hydrogen carbonate compounds or ions. Due to the high pH of the electrolyte solution, the equilibrium of equation II is advantageously on the potassium carbonate side, as a result of which the solubility limit of the potassium hydrogen carbonate is not exceeded.
    12/41
    According to a preferred variant, the gas scrubber 2 is used as a tray column
    Packing column or as a packed column or as a "plate washer" with a number of plates aligned parallel to one another.
    According to a further preferred variant, the electrolyte solution in the gas scrubber 2 is electrostatically charged during spraying, for example by means of a high-voltage source via line ionization or by means of corona ionization. The finely distributed electrolyzed electrolyte solution loaded with impurities is deposited on, in particular lamella-shaped, separation electrodes (not shown in FIG. 1) arranged in the gas scrubber 2 and subsequently discharged. The distance between the lamellar Ab separating electrodes is in the millimeter range and is in particular up to 10.0 mm. By electrostatic charging and subsequent separation of the electrolyte solution at the separating electrodes, the electrolyte solution is essentially completely separated from the cleaned room air 1, which is advantageous for the UV radiation of the room air 1 which is optionally provided below.
    According to this optional embodiment variant, room air 1 discharged from the gas scrubber 2 is exposed to UV radiation with a wavelength <200 nm, in particular with a wavelength of approximately 185 nm. Due to the high-energy UV radiation, organic compounds that are poorly sorbable are completely or partially oxidized by photolysis, especially in the electrolyte solution. In conjunction with the molecular oxygen (O2) and water vapor contained in indoor air 1, UV rays generate highly reactive OH radicals as well as singlet oxygen and ozone. The oxidizing agents formed, in particular the radicals, react with the molecules of the organic compounds contained in the ambient air 1 (e.g. methane) and oxidize them in this way. For example, methane is broken down into water and carbon dioxide. Any larger organic molecules contained in the ambient air 1 are partially oxidized, carboxyl or hydroxyl groups in particular being incorporated into the molecules or molecular fragments and carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols being formed in this way. For example, formaldehyde derived from lacquers, glue or glue (wooden furniture) could be oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid. In particular, partial oxidation results in CH-acidic organic compounds
    13/41 formed, for example carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones or alcohols. These are one
    Chemisorption accessible, so that in this case a basic gas scrubbing downstream of the UV oxidation is particularly advantageous. UV radiation of the room air 1 is therefore a particularly advantageous addition to gas scrubbing. The UV radiation can take place between two or more basic gas washes.
    The room air 1 can be cooled or heated during the gas scrubbing. For this purpose, an appropriately temperature-controlled electrolyte solution is sprayed into the gas scrubber 1, a cooled electrolyte solution for cooling, a heated electrolyte solution for heating. The heating or cooling of the electrolyte solution when it is returned to the gas scrubber 2 after regeneration is preferably carried out via heating / cooling devices 18, 19. For cooling the electrolyte solution, it is preferred if the heating / cooling devices 18, 19 are designed as a Peltier element cascade. Alternatively, the electrolyte solution is cooled, for example, by means of a refrigerator or adiabatic cooling, in particular by evaporation of water from the electrolyte solution. The energy required to heat the electrolyte solution is provided, for example, by burning heating oil or natural gas, using a heat pump, a heat store, photovoltaics or Peltier elements. The heating / cooling devices 18, 19 is preferably particularly powerful and is therefore of a correspondingly large size, as a result of which their positioning in the vicinity of the gas scrubber 2 could be difficult. It is therefore preferred if, as shown in FIG. 1, at least one further heating / cooling device 3, for example a heat pump, in particular a compression heat pump, or a Peltier element, is provided, which is closer to the gas scrubber 2 than the heater / Cooling devices 18, 19. The heating / cooling device 3 can in particular contribute to introducing the electrolyte solution temperature-controlled via the heating / cooling devices 18, 19 into the gas scrubber 2 at the desired temperature and can also contribute to undesired condensation on the outside of the corresponding lines in which the electrolyte solution is transported. Instead of or in addition to the heating / cooling device 3, the lines can in particular be designed as heat-insulated plastic pipes.
    14/41
    The humidity of the cleaned room air 1 emerging from the gas scrubber 2 can be adjusted via the ion concentration and the types of ions of the electrolyte solution. During gas scrubbing, a certain equilibrium is established between the electrolyte solution sprayed into the gas scrubber 2 and the ambient air 1 introduced into the gas scrubber 2, since liquids, here the electrolyte solution, are always in equilibrium with the moisture (gas moisture), depending on the ion concentration. here the humidity of the room air 1. In the specific application example, this equilibrium leads to a defined ion concentration in the electrolyte solution and a defined relative air humidity, that is to say a certain proportion of water vapor, in the room air 1. The higher the ion concentration of the sprayed-in electrolyte solution, the lower the relative air humidity of the cleaned room air 1 exiting from the gas scrubber 2. The lower the ion concentration of the sprayed-in electrolyte solution, the higher the relative air humidity of the cleaned room air exiting from the gas scrubber 2 1. It is therefore possible to operate the gas scrubber 2 in such a way that the room air emerging from it has a defined and constant or at least largely constant air humidity. If the room air 1 is humidified, that is to say the room air 1 absorbs water from the electrolyte solution introduced into the gas scrubber 2, the method is carried out in such a way that the relative humidity of the supplied electrolyte solution is higher than its relative equilibrium humidity. Otherwise, salts could precipitate out of the electrolyte solution from the electrolyte solution - after the water has been released into the room air 1. The ion concentration is set during or after the regeneration of the electrolyte solution, as will be described further below.
    In contrast to conventional air conditioning systems with heat exchangers, on the solid surfaces of which the water vapor contained in the room air condenses, so that these surfaces are kept constantly moist, the water vapor adsorbed from the room air in the electrolytic solution is quickly removed during dehumidification by means of gas scrubbers. As already mentioned, the high pH value of the electrolyte solution advantageously suppresses the growth of germs; at the mentioned pH value of at least 12, the washing solution is essentially sterile, so that the device according to the invention is kept essentially germ-free.
    15/41
    The one containing the impurities and derived from the gas scrubber 2
    As described below, electrolytic solution is used in several
    Regeneration steps regenerated and then again in the gas scrubber 2 as
    Wash liquid added.
    2nd step - regeneration of the loaded electrolyte solution
    The electrolyte solution emerging from the gas scrubber 2 is passed over the heating / cooling device 3 and, as mentioned above, cools or heats the already regenerated washing solution (electrolyte solution) when it is returned to the gas scrubber 2. Organic compounds sorbed in the derived electrolyte solution are optionally under Supply of heat, completely or substantially completely dissolved in the electrolyte solution. If organic acids have been adsorbed by the electrolyte solution, they dissociate, the acids or, respectively, being neutralized by the ions formed by the dissociation of the acids and water-soluble salts being formed, which are immediately dissolved in the electrolyte solution.
    For regeneration, the electrolyte solution is passed in an optional first regeneration step into a mechanical separation device 4, in which any insoluble inorganic impurities, for example sand or hair, adsorbed from the room air 1 are separated from the electrolyte solution. The mechanical separation takes place, for example, by means of filtration, sedimentation, flotation or centrifugation.
    When using a potassium hydroxide / potassium carbonate solution, the electrolyte solution derived from the gas scrubber 2 largely consists of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate dissolved in water. The electrolyte solution is divided into two partial streams TSi and TS2, if necessary after carrying out the mechanical separation process mentioned. The partial flow TSi is, as explained below, to increase the potassium hydroxide concentration in a second regeneration step through a degasser 5 and then in a third regeneration step through an electrodialysis cell 6 and subsequently combined with the partial flow TS2.
    16/41
    The partial flow TSi comprises in particular 1% to 30% (mass percent), preferably at least 10%, of the entire electrolyte solution (TSi + TS2). The exact size of the partial flow TSi is adapted to the “regeneration capacity” of the electrodialysis cell 6 and the CCh separation capacity of the gas scrubber 2. The division of the electrolyte solution into the two partial flows TSi and TS2 takes place in particular in a known manner, for example via a corresponding valve, a pump or the like.
    In the degasser 5, the introduced partial flow TSi of the electrolyte solution is brought into contact with and mixed with a phosphoric acid (H3PO4, partial flow TS3) likewise introduced into the degasser 5, which is generated in an electrodialysis cell 6 connected downstream of the degasser 5. At least the majority of the carbonates and hydrogen carbonates contained in the partial flow TSi and previously formed during gas scrubbing are converted into corresponding phosphates, in the exemplary embodiment described in particular into potassium phosphate (K3PO4) (“displacement reaction”), carbon dioxide and water also being produced. The position of the equilibrium of the individual species of the phosphates (phosphate PO4 3 ', hydrogen phosphate HPO4 3 ', dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4 3 ') depends on the pH value - according to a Haegg diagram known to the person skilled in the art. In particular, so much phosphoric acid is added that the pH of the electrolyte solution is reduced to less than or equal to 5, preferably to 4 to 5, as a result of which a large part of the carbonates and hydrogen carbonates decompose to form carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide (CO2) is discharged from the degasser 5 into the environment, in particular into the outside air (“into the open”), or processed in accordance with a further intended use.
    The "degassed" electrolyte solution contains in particular potassium cations (K + ), phosphate anions (PO4 3 ), hydrogen phosphate anions (HPO4 2 ), dihydrogen phosphate anions (H2PO4) and carbonate anions (CO3 2 ). Bicarbonate anions (HCO3) are no or hardly present in the degassed electrolyte solution at the mentioned pH value of 4 to 5. The degassed electrolyte solution is passed on from the degasser 5 into the already mentioned electrodialysis cell 6, in which the third regeneration step takes place.
    17/41
    As FIG. 2 shows, the electrodialysis cell 6 is a two-chamber cell designed as a flow-through cell with a liquid-tight and electrically non-conductive housing 7, for example made of a plastic. An anion exchange membrane 8, hereinafter referred to as AAM 8, is positioned in the center of the housing 7 Electrodialysis cell 6 divides into a cathode compartment 9 with a cathode 9a and an anode compartment 10 with an anode 10a. The cathode compartment 9 and the anode compartment 10 each have an inlet 11 and an outlet 12, which are formed on opposite sides of the housing 7. The direction of flow through the cathode chamber 9 corresponds to that through the anode chamber 10. During operation of the electrodialysis cell 6, a direct voltage is applied to the electrodes (cathode 9a and anode 10a).
    The degassed electrolyte solution is introduced into the cathode chamber 9 via the corresponding inlet 11, and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is introduced into the anode chamber 10 via the corresponding inlet 11.
    In the cathode compartment 9, water molecules (H2O) of the electrolytic solution are electrolytically split at the cathode 9a, molecular hydrogen (H2) and hydroxide ions (OH) being formed. An aqueous potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) is formed in the cathode compartment 9 from the potassium cations (K + ) and the hydroxide ions (OH). The phosphate anions (PO4 3 ', HPO4 2 ', H2PO4) and the (hydrogen) carbonate anions (HCO3 ', CO' 2 ) are attracted to the anode 10a, pass through the AAM 8 including the hydration shell (attached water molecules) hence into the anode compartment 10. Water molecules pass through the AAM8 on the one hand as a hydration shell attached to the anions mentioned and furthermore due to the osmotic pressure. An at least substantially phosphate-free potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) and molecular hydrogen (H2) emerge at the outlet 12 of the cathode chamber 9. Any phosphate compounds remaining in the potassium hydroxide solution do not influence the further gas scrubbing. The hydrogen (H2) is released into the environment (to the outside). The potassium hydroxide solution (KOH, FIG. 1: partial stream TS5) is fed to the partial stream TS2 and combined therewith (FIG. 1), which, as already mentioned above, increases the concentration of potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte solution containing potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate.
    18/41
    In the anode compartment 10, water molecules which originate from the introduced phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or have been transported through the AAM 8 are electrolytically cleaved at the anode 10a, hydrogen ions (H + ) and molecular oxygen (O2) being formed. The phosphate anions (PO4 3 ', HPO4 2 ', H2PO4) transported into the anode compartment 10 together with the hydrogen ions (H + ) form phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and any (hydrogen) carbonate anions transported into the anode compartment become carbon dioxide (CO2) converted, so that via the outlet 12 of the anode compartment 10 a “more concentrated” phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as well as oxygen (O2) and traces of carbon dioxide (CO2) emerge compared to the phosphoric acid introduced into the anode compartment 10. The oxygen and any small amounts of carbon dioxide are separated off and introduced into the already regenerated washing solution as required, in order to increase the oxygen content of the room air 1 to be cleaned in the course of the gas scrubbing. Alternatively, the oxygen including any traces of carbon dioxide can be fed directly to the room air 1 via a separate line. The phosphoric acid (H3PO4) emerging from the anode compartment 13 is divided into a partial stream TS4 leading to the inlet 11 of the anode compartment 10 and the partial stream TS3 leading to the degasser 5 (FIG. 1). Water is fed to the partial flow TS3 in a correspondingly controlled manner if required (FIG. 1).
    As shown in FIG. 1, the electrolyte solution regenerated in this way (partial flow TS2 + TS5) is guided via a unit 20 for concentration, optionally via the heating / cooling devices 18, 19 and the heating / cooling device 3, and is returned to the gas scrubber 2 at a temperature. As already mentioned, the humidity of the room air emerging from the gas scrubber 2 is regulated via the ion concentration of the electrolyte solution. The desired ion concentration can be increased via the electrolytic water splitting in the electrodialysis cell 6 and, if appropriate, can thereby also be set simultaneously. If the ion concentration of the combined partial flows TS2 and TS5 is lower than the desired ion concentration, this is increased by means of the unit 20 for concentration by water removal, for example by blowing off, evaporation, for example by means of an infrared evaporator, or by means of membrane distillation. If the ion concentration of the combined partial streams TS2 and TS5 is higher than the desired ion concentration,
    19/41, water is fed to the regenerated electrolyte solution via a water connection, not shown, which is located, for example, in front of the heating / cooling devices 18, 19. The relative humidity of the room air 1 emerging from the gas scrubber 2 is measured continuously. The ion concentration in the electrolyte solution is preferably measured continuously via its conductivity, in particular by means of a conductivity measuring device (conductivity sensor), and / or via its density, in particular by means of a bending vibrator.
    3 illustrates an alternative mode of operation of the electrodialysis cell 6. In this mode of operation, the degassed electrolyte solution is divided up and therefore introduced into both the cathode space 9 and the anode space 10. This mode of operation differs from the mode of operation discussed with reference to FIG. 2 in that the solution emerging from the anode space 10 additionally contains potassium phosphate (K3PO4) and the solution emerging from the cathode space 9 additionally contains traces of potassium phosphate (K3PO4). The potassium phosphate traces have no or no significant influence on the washing process in the gas scrubber 2. The solution emerging from the anode compartment 10 is returned to the degasser 5.
    In the following, further variants of the electrodialysis cell designed as a flow cell are explained.
    4 shows an electrodialysis cell 6 ‘bipolar design, hereinafter referred to as bipolar electrodialysis cell 6’. The bipolar electrodialysis cell 6 'has a housing 7 in which a bipolar membrane 13, hereinafter referred to as BPM 13, is positioned in the center. An anion exchange membrane 8 (AAM 8), which is aligned essentially parallel to the BPM 13, is positioned on both sides of the BPM 13 in at least largely identical intervals. The BPM 13 consists of a hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a, a hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b and a catalytic intermediate layer 13c located between them to accelerate the dissociation of water.
    20/41
    The electrodialysis cell 6 'has an electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a, which is separated from a cathode chamber 9 with a cathode 9a by the AAM 8 on the left in FIG. 1. Furthermore, the electrodialysis cell 6 has an electrolysis chamber 15 adjoining the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b of the BPM 13, which is separated from an anode space 10 with anode 10a by the other AAM 8 on the right in FIG. 1.
    The cathode compartment 9, the anode compartment 10 and the electrolysis chambers 14, 15 each have an inlet 11 and an outlet 12, the inlets 11 and the outlets 12 being designed such that the flow directions through the cathode compartment 9, the anode compartment 10 and through the Electrolysis chambers 14, 15 match.
    The degassed electrolyte solution originating from the degasser 5 is introduced via the corresponding inlets 11 essentially simultaneously into the cathode chamber 9 and into the electrolysis chamber 15 adjoining the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b. Phosphoric acid is introduced into the anode compartment 10 and the electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a.
    In the cathode compartment 9 of the electrodialysis cell 6 ′, as already described for the electrodialysis cell 6, potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) and hydrogen (H2) are formed from the introduced electrolyte solution and are discharged via the corresponding outlet 12. The phosphate anions (PO4 3 ', HPO4 2 ', H2PO4) and the hydrogen carbonate anions (CO3 2 ', HCO3) are drawn from the cathode compartment 9 through the corresponding AAM 8 into the electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a. Furthermore, hydrogen ions (H + ) formed on the catalytic intermediate layer 13c by electrolytic water splitting are passed through the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a into the electrolysis chamber 14. In the electrolysis chamber 14, further phosphoric acid (H3PO4), molecular oxygen (O2) and small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are formed, which escape at the corresponding outlet 12.
    21/41
    In the electrolysis chamber 15 adjoining the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b, potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) is formed from the electrolyte solution introduced, the required hydroxide ions (OH) being formed on the catalytic intermediate layer 13c and passed through the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b into the chamber 15. Phosphate anions (PO4 3 ', HPO4 2 ', H2PO4 ') and (hydrogen) carbonate anions (CO3 2 ', HCO3) are drawn from the electrolysis chamber 15 through the corresponding AAM 8 into the anode compartment 10 and there in the manner described (see description of the electrodialysis cell 6) converted to phosphoric acid (H3PO4) under electrolytic water splitting.
    Phosphoric acid, mixed with oxygen and traces of carbon dioxide, or potassium hydroxide solution, mixed with hydrogen, emerge from the electrodialysis cell 6 ″ via the corresponding outlets 12 and are passed on as in the variant explained in connection with FIG. 2.
    5 shows an electrodialysis cell 6 ", which is constructed analogously to the electrodialysis cell 6 (FIG. 2, FIG. 3), but instead of the AAM 8 has a cation exchange membrane 16 (KAM 16). The mode of operation corresponds to the electrodialysis cell 6 shown in FIG. 3 (division of the degassed electrolyte solution into the cathode compartment 9 and into the anode compartment 10). The KAM 16 is one for potassium cations (K +) selective membrane. A solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium phosphate (K3PO4) and hydrogen (H2) emerge from the cathode compartment 9. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), oxygen (O2) and traces of carbon dioxide (CO2) emerge from the anode compartment 10.
    6 shows an electrodialysis cell 6 ″ ”with two cation exchange membranes 16 (KAM 16) and a BPM 13 located between them, so that electrolysis chambers 14, 15 adjoining the BPM 13 are present (analogously to FIG. 4). The mode of operation corresponds to the electrodialysis cell 6 shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 5, so that the degassed electrolyte solution is divided between the cathode space 9, the anode space 10 and the electrolysis chambers 14, 15. A solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium phosphate (K3PO4) emerge from the cathode compartment 9
    22/41
    Hydrogen (H2) off. Traces of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and carbon dioxide emerge from the electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a. A solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium phosphate (K3PO4) emerges from the electrolysis chamber 15 adjoining the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) mixed with oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) traces emerge from the anode compartment 10.
    7 shows an electrodialysis cell 6 "" with a KAM 16 delimiting the cathode space 9, an AAM 8 delimiting the anode space 10 and an electrolysis chamber 17 located between the KAM 16 and the AAM 8. The electrolyte solution originating from the degasser 5, which is potassium phosphate ( Contains K3PO4) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is introduced into the electrolysis chamber 17. Potassium cations (K + ) are drawn into the cathode compartment 9 and phosphate anions (PO4 3 ) and (hydrogen) carbonate anions (HCO3 ', CO3 2 ') are drawn into the anode compartment 10. Any solution containing potassium phosphate (K3PO4) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) emerges from the electrolysis chamber 17. A potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) is introduced into the cathode compartment 9. Potassium hydroxide that forms in the cathode compartment 9 goes into solution, so that a potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) with a higher concentration and hydrogen (H2) emerge from the cathode compartment 9. The potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) emerging from the cathode compartment 9 is divided into a substream TSo, which is returned to the cathode compartment 9, and into a substream TS7.
    The partial flow TS7 is combined with the solution emerging from the electrolysis chamber 17 and jointly fed to the partial flow TS2 (FIG. 1). If necessary, water can be supplied. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is introduced into the anode compartment 10. In the anode compartment 10, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), oxygen (O2) and small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are formed. The solution emerging from the anode compartment 10 is operated as in the variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
    Example 2 - Device for cleaning stable air and carbon dioxide utilization
    23/41
    Barn air from poultry houses is strong with ammonia, amines, carbon dioxide as well as
    Organic dust originating from feed and feathers.
    To clean the house air, it is introduced into a gas scrubber in an analogous manner, for example 1, and “washed” there with a basic electrolyte solution, in particular a potassium carbonate / potassium hydroxide solution. The basic electrolyte solution absorbs organic acids, thiols, carbon dioxide and any germs from the house air. The organic compounds in the basic electrolytic solution are preferably hydrolyzed with the addition of heat immediately after the gas scrubbing in order to disintegrate any solid particles suspended therein, for example feed residues, feathers, hay, etc., so that the organic compounds contained in the solid particles are accessible for processing become. The further regeneration is carried out analogously to example 1, step 2.
    In a departure from example 1, the air already washed with the basic electrolyte solution, in the application example the stall air, is introduced into a second gas scrubber for further processing, in which gas scrubbing is carried out with an acidic electrolyte solution, for example with sulfuric acid, as a result of which alkaline present in the stall air Impurities, such as ammonia and amines, are removed. The regeneration of this electrolyte solution can be carried out in a manner analogous to that of the electrolyte solution according to Example 1, step 2.
    In the electrodialysis cell 6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 "", sulfuric acid can be recovered in the concrete example and ammonia solution can be obtained. Furthermore, carbon dioxide is formed in the degasser 5 as a by-product.
    Example 3 - Device for processing biogas and carbon dioxide utilization
    Biogas formed from the direct fermentation of biomass contains large amounts of carbon dioxide, in particular biogas consists of up to about 50% carbon dioxide. For feeding the biogas into a natural gas network and the subsequent thermal ones
    24/41
    It is necessary to use the heating value of the biogas by removing the
    Increase carbon dioxide.
    The biogas to be treated is introduced into a gas scrubber in a manner analogous to example 1 and is “washed” there with a basic electrolyte solution, in particular a potassium carbonate / potassium hydroxide solution. Any organic acids present in the biogas are adsorbed by the electrolyte solution. The regeneration is carried out analogously to example 1, step 2. If appropriate, the optional regeneration step described in Example 1 (removal of inorganic constituents in a mechanical separation device 4) can also be carried out.
    Design variants that differ from the examples described
    The invention is not restricted to the examples described.
    Instead of the potassium hydroxide / potassium carbonate solution, a solution which contains at least lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide can be used as the washing solution, in a manner adapted to the respective application. Solutions which contain several of the compounds mentioned are also possible.
    It is possible to pass the entire electrolyte solution over the degasser 5 so that there is no division into two partial flows TSi and TS2. This is particularly advantageous when there are high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the gas.
    Furthermore, it can be provided to additionally heat the electrolyte solution before, after or in the degasifier 5 in the course of the regeneration, in order to particularly effectively “drive out” at least some of the hydrogen carbonates.
    The electrolytic solution can also be used without degassing, i.e. can be regenerated without passing through the degasser 5, in particular if the carbon dioxide concentration in the ambient air is low. In this variant, the electrolyte solution contains in particular potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and potassium phosphate and is used in all rooms or
    25/41
    Electrolysis chambers of the respective electrodialysis cell passed. At least the majority of the gases that are formed (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen) are derived from the
    Electrodialysis cell separated electrolyte solution separated. From all
    Electrolysis chamber or rooms of the electrodialysis cell occurs a regenerated
    Electrolyte solution. The emerging electrolyte solutions can be combined and used as a washing solution.
    Instead of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), nitric acid (HNO3) can be introduced into the degasser, so that corresponding nitrates (NO3) are formed.
    The bipolar design electrodialysis cell can have several bipolar membranes. In addition, several electrodialysis cells operated in parallel can be charged with the electrolyte solution to be regenerated at the same time.
    26/41
    References list
    .................................... air
    .................................... scrubber
    .................................... heating / Kühlvomchtung
    .................................... separator
    .................................... degasser
    6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 "" ....... electrodialysis cell
    ....................................Casing
    .................................... Anion exchange membrane (AAM)
    .................................... cathode chamber
    9a .................................. cathode
    .................................. anode chamber
    10a ................................ anode
    ..................................Inlet
    .................................. outlet
    .................................. bipolar membrane (BPM)
    13a ................................ hydrogen ion exchange membrane
    13b ............................... hydroxide ion exchange membrane
    13c ................................ catalytic intermediate layer
    14, 15 ............................ Electrolysis chamber
    .................................. cation exchange membrane (KAM)
    .................................. electrolysis chamber
    18, 19 ............................ heating / cooling device
    20 .................................. unit for concentration
    TSi, i = i to 7 ..................... partial flow
    27/41
    权利要求:
    Claims (22)
    [1]
    claims
    1.Method for performing gas scrubbing using a basic aqueous electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid, which contains at least one compound from the group lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate or lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide and which is contained in at least one gas scrubber (2 ) is brought into contact with a gas (1) to be cleaned and is discharged from the gas scrubber (2) after the gas scrubbing, at least one partial stream (TSi) of the loaded electrolyte solution being continuously regenerated according to the following regeneration steps:
    a) introducing the electrolyte solution into at least one electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6" ", 6" ") designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment (10), a cathode compartment (9) and at least one between the anode compartment (10) and the ion-selective membrane (8, 16) located in the cathode compartment (9),
    b) formation of a basic aqueous electrolyte solution at least in the cathode compartment (9) with electrolytic water splitting and returning the electrolyte solution formed to the gas scrubber (2),
    c) formation of phosphoric acid or nitric acid in the anode compartment (10), with phosphoric acid or nitric acid being passed through the anode compartment (10) in a separate circuit, or
    Formation of phosphate (s) or nitrate (s) in the anode compartment (10), which has or have the cation or one of the cations of the washing liquid, the phosphate (s) or the nitrate (s) also being present the electrolyte solution derived from the cathode compartment (9) is combined and returned to the gas scrubber (2),
    28/41 wherein the ion-selective membrane is passed through at least phosphate anions, nitrate anions or cations of the washing liquid during steps b) and c) and wherein before step a) and / or during step b) and step c) and / or after step c) carbon dioxide is separated from the electrolyte solution.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte solution before step a) is introduced into a degasser (5) and mixed in this with phosphoric acid or nitric acid, which in particular a partial stream (TS3) of the one formed according to step c) and in one own cycle through the anode space (10) is conducted phosphoric acid or nitric acid, the resulting carbon dioxide being derived from the degasser (5).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the basic aqueous electrolyte solution used for gas scrubbing has a pH of at least 12.0, preferably of> 13.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the partial stream (TSi) of the electrolyte solution, which is regenerated according to steps a) to c), comprises 1% to 30%, preferably at least 10%, of the loaded electrolyte solution ,
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrolyte solution when introduced into the gas scrubber (2), in particular by means of line ionization or corona ionization, electrostatically charged and deposited on separating electrodes arranged in the gas scrubber (2) and then for subsequent regeneration is derived.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas (1) immediately before or immediately after the gas washing UV radiation, in particular UV radiation with a wavelength <200 nm, preferably a wavelength of 185 nm, is exposed.
    29/41
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that before steps a) to c) from the electrolyte solution by means of a mechanical separator (4) in the electrolyte solution inorganic substances not dissolved, which were absorbed by the electrolyte solution during gas scrubbing , be deposited.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gas to be cleaned (1), which is brought into contact with the electrolyte solution in the gas scrubber (2), is ambient air.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gas (1) is cooled or heated during the gas scrubbing by means of the electrolyte solution.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the regenerated electrolyte solution is cooled or heated before the gas scrubbing via heating / cooling devices (3, 10, 11).
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the electrolyte solution is cooled by means of a refrigerator or by means of adiabatic cooling, in particular by evaporation of water from the electrolyte solution.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the regenerated electrolyte solution before the gas scrubbing for changing its ion concentration water is supplied or withdrawn.
    [13]
    13. Device for performing gas scrubbing using an electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid with a gas scrubber (2),
    30/41 at least one electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 "") designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment (10), a cathode compartment (9) and at least one between the anode compartment (10) and the cathode compartment (9) located ion-selective membrane, which is passable at least by cations of the washing solution or at least by phosphate anions or nitrate anions, the electrolyte solution originating from the gas scrubber (2) being able to be passed through the electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ') and from there to Gas scrubber (2) is conductive.
    [14]
    14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 "") at least two ion-selective membranes (8, 16) and at least one bipolar membrane (13) positioned between them has two electrolysis chambers (14, 15) separated from each other by the bipolar membrane (13), each with an inlet (11) and an outlet (12), between the anode compartment (10) and the cathode compartment (9).
    [15]
    15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that it has a degasser (5) upstream of the electrodialysis cell for expelling carbon dioxide from the washing liquid.
    [16]
    16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that it has a mechanical separator (4) upstream of the gas scrubber (2) and optionally the degasser (5) for separating inorganic contaminants which are insoluble in the electrolytic solution.
    [17]
    17. Device according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the gas scrubber (2) is designed as a tray column, as a packed column, as a packing column or as a plate washer.
    [18]
    18. Device according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that it has a heating / cooling device (3), via which the from the gas scrubber (1)
    31/41 derived electrolyte solution is countercurrent to the regenerated electrolyte solution.
    [19]
    19. Device according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it
    5 heating / cooling device (10, 11) for heating or cooling the regenerated
    Has electrolytic solution.
    [20]
    20. Device according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that it has a unit (20) for concentrating the electrolyte solution.
    [21]
    21. Device according to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that it has a continuous conductivity measuring device and / or a continuous density measuring device, in particular a bending oscillator, for measuring the ion concentration of the electrolyte solution.
    [22]
    22. Use of the device according to one of claims 13 to 21 as air conditioning.
    32/41
    1.4

    33/41


    34/41
    3.4


    k 3 po 4 / k 2 co 3
    K 3 PO 4 / K 2 CO 3 | K 3 PO 4 / K 2 CO 3 5 «ί / ΛΜ .ΊΑ /

    35/41


    36/41
    New claims
    1.Method for performing gas scrubbing using a basic aqueous electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid, which contains at least one compound from the group lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate or lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide and which is contained in at least one gas scrubber (2 ) is brought into contact with a gas (1) to be cleaned and is discharged from the gas scrubber (2) after the gas scrubbing, at least one partial stream (TSi) of the loaded electrolyte solution being continuously regenerated according to the following regeneration steps:
    a) introducing the electrolyte solution into at least one electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6" ", 6" ") designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment (10), a cathode compartment (9) and at least one between the anode compartment (10) and the ion-selective membrane (8, 16) located in the cathode compartment (9),
    b) formation of a basic aqueous electrolyte solution at least in the cathode compartment (9) with electrolytic water splitting and returning the electrolyte solution formed to the gas scrubber (2),
    c) formation of phosphoric acid or nitric acid in the anode compartment (10), with phosphoric acid or nitric acid being passed through the anode compartment (10) in a separate circuit, or
    Formation of phosphate (s) or nitrate (s) in the anode compartment (10), which has or have the cation or one of the cations of the washing liquid, the phosphate (s) or the nitrate (s) also being present the electrolyte solution derived from the cathode compartment (9) is combined and returned to the gas scrubber (2),
    37/41 [LAST CLAIMS] wherein the ion-selective membrane is passed through at least phosphate anions, nitrate anions or cations of the washing liquid during steps b) and c) and wherein before step a) and / or during step b) and Step c) and / or after step c) carbon dioxide is separated from the electrolyte solution.
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte solution before step a) is introduced into a degasser (5) and mixed in this with phosphoric acid or nitric acid, which in particular a partial stream (TS3) of the one formed according to step c) and in one own cycle through the anode space (10) is conducted phosphoric acid or nitric acid, the resulting carbon dioxide being derived from the degasser (5).
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the basic aqueous electrolyte solution used for gas scrubbing has a pH of at least 12.0, preferably of> 13.
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the partial stream (TSi) of the electrolyte solution, which is regenerated according to steps a) to c), comprises 1% to 30%, preferably at least 10%, of the loaded electrolyte solution ,
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrolyte solution when introduced into the gas scrubber (2), in particular by means of line ionization or corona ionization, electrostatically charged and deposited on separating electrodes arranged in the gas scrubber (2) and then for subsequent regeneration is derived.
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas (1) immediately before or immediately after the gas washing UV radiation, in particular UV radiation with a wavelength <200 nm, preferably a wavelength of 185 nm, is exposed.
    38/41 [LAST CLAIMS]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that before steps a) to c) from the electrolyte solution by means of a mechanical separator (4) in the electrolyte solution inorganic substances not dissolved, which were absorbed by the electrolyte solution during gas scrubbing , be deposited.
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gas to be cleaned (1), which is brought into contact with the electrolyte solution in the gas scrubber (2), is ambient air.
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gas (1) is cooled or heated during the gas scrubbing by means of the electrolyte solution.
    10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the regenerated electrolyte solution is cooled or heated before the gas scrubbing via heating / cooling devices (3, 10, 11).
    11. The method according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the electrolyte solution is cooled by means of a refrigerator or by means of adiabatic cooling, in particular by evaporation of water from the electrolyte solution.
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the regenerated electrolyte solution before the gas scrubbing for changing its ion concentration water is supplied or withdrawn.
    13. Device for performing gas scrubbing using an electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid with a gas scrubber (2),
    39/41
    LAST CLAIMS at least one electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 "") designed as a flow cell with an anode compartment (10), a cathode compartment (9) and at least one ion-selective membrane located between the anode compartment (10) and the cathode compartment (9), Which is at least passable by phosphate anions or nitrate anions, the electrolyte solution originating from the gas scrubber (2) being able to be passed through the electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 "") and from there to the gas scrubber (2).
    14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the electrodialysis cell (6, 6 ', 6 "") has at least two ion-selective membranes (8, 16) and at least one bipolar membrane (13) positioned between them, so that there is between the anode space (10) and the cathode compartment (9) are two electrolysis chambers (14, 15) separated from each other by the bipolar membrane (13), each with an inlet (11) and an outlet (12).
    15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that it has a degasser (5) upstream of the electrodialysis cell for expelling carbon dioxide from the washing liquid.
    16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that it has a mechanical separator (4) upstream of the gas scrubber (2) and optionally the degasser (5) for separating inorganic contaminants which are insoluble in the electrolytic solution.
    17. Device according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the gas scrubber (2) is designed as a tray column, as a packed column, as a packing column or as a plate washer.
    18. Device according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that it has a heating / cooling device (3), via which the electrolyte solution derived from the gas scrubber (1) can be guided in countercurrent to the regenerated electrolyte solution.
    40/41
    LAST CLAIMS
    19. Device according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it has a heating / cooling device (10, 11) for heating or cooling the regenerated electrolyte solution.
    20. Device according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that it has a unit (20) for concentrating the electrolyte solution.
    21. Device according to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that it
    10 a continuous conductivity meter and / or a continuous
    Density measuring device, in particular a bending vibrator, for measuring the ion concentration of the electrolyte solution.
    22. Use of the device according to one of claims 13 to 21 as air conditioning.
    41/41
    LAST CLAIMS
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2020016012A1|2020-01-23|
    AT521381B1|2020-01-15|
    DE112019003632A5|2021-04-01|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50630/2018A|AT521381B1|2018-07-19|2018-07-19|Method and device for carrying out gas scrubbing using an electrolyte solution|ATA50630/2018A| AT521381B1|2018-07-19|2018-07-19|Method and device for carrying out gas scrubbing using an electrolyte solution|
    DE112019003632.7T| DE112019003632A5|2018-07-19|2019-07-03|Method and device for carrying out gas scrubbing by means of an electrolyte solution|
    PCT/EP2019/067880| WO2020016012A1|2018-07-19|2019-07-03|Method and device for carrying out gas scrubbing by means of an electrolyte solution|
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